Get MFA Status of Office 365 users with Microsoft Graph

Keeping track of your user’s MFA Status is important to keep your tenant protected. For now, we can still use the Msol module for this in PowerShell, but Microsoft is planning to retire this module. So I have recreated my successful MFA Status script with the Microsoft Graph module.

The Microsoft Graph module isn’t fully completed yet. It doesn’t only lack documentation, but we also can’t retrieve all information yet from it. For example, we can’t retrieve (or set) the default MFA method with Graph at the moment.

So this new MFA Status script can do pretty much the same things as the old script:

• List the MFA Status of all users
• List configured MFA types for each user
• Get all the users that don’t have MFA enabled
• Check the MFA status of a single user
• Checks if a user is admin or not
• Get only the licensed and enabled users

But with Graph, we are also able to retrieve a little bit more information than with the old module. So the following information is now also retrieved:

• Authenticator device name
• Check if Hello for business is registered
• Registered email address for Self Services Password Reset (SSPR)

What we currently can’t retrieve is the default MFA method, and if MFA is enforced for the users (as in that the user needs to configure MFA the next time after login).

As always, you will find the complete script at the end of the article.

Get MFA Status with Microsoft Graph and PowerShell

Microsoft Graph still has a lot of features only available in their beta release. So the first thing the script does is connect to Graph with the required scopes and switch over to the beta profile. We can then retrieve all users with the Get-MgUser cmdlet.

After we have collected all the users we can use the Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod cmdlet to get all the MFA details.

Requirements

You will need to have the Microsoft Graph module installed. The script will check if the module is installed, if not you will be given the option to install it.

Getting all users and their MFA Status

The script comes with a couple of parameters that we can use to fine-tune the export results. But by default, it will get all licensed users, list the admins, and save the CSV Export at the same location as the script. The script will open the CSV file when completed.

So to get all users we can simply run the script:

# Get all licensed users:
Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1

Get only users without MFA

When you have a large tenant you probably only want to see the users who don’t have MFA enabled. To do this you can add use the switch -withoutMFAOnly:

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -withOutMFAOnly

Check MFA Status of Admin only

The script will list all admins by default, but you can also check the MFA Status from admins only with the -adminsOnly switch:

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -adminsOnly

Check the status of a specific user or a selection of users

It’s also possible to check the MFA status of a specific user. We can specify the UserPrincipal name of the user using the -UserPrincipalName parameter:

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName '[email protected]'

The parameter accepts a string array, so you can comma separate the users that you want to retrieve:

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName '[email protected]','[email protected]'

Another option is to use the filter of the Get-MgUser cmdlet and then pipe the Get-MgMFAStatus script:

Get-MgUser -Filter "country eq 'Netherlands'" | ForEach-Object { Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName }

The Complete Script

The complete script can be downloaded from my Github repository, which I recommend using so you have always the latest version.

Tip

Quickly get the MFA Status of your users by adding a reference to the script in your PowerShell Profile. Read all about it in this article.

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Default")]
param(
  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "UserPrincipalName",
    HelpMessage = "Enter a single UserPrincipalName or a comma separted list of UserPrincipalNames",
    Position = 0
    )]
  [string[]]$UserPrincipalName,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "AdminsOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that are an admin
  [switch]$adminsOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "Licensed"
  )]
  # Check only the MFA status of users that have license
  [switch]$IsLicensed = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $true,
    ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
    ParameterSetName  = "withOutMFAOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that don't have MFA enabled
  [switch]$withOutMFAOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false
  )]
  # Check if a user is an admin. Set to $false to skip the check
  [switch]$listAdmins = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    HelpMessage = "Enter path to save the CSV file"
  )]
  [string]$path = ".\MFAStatus-$((Get-Date -format "MMM-dd-yyyy").ToString()).csv"
)

Function ConnectTo-MgGraph {
  # Check if MS Graph module is installed
  if (-not(Get-InstalledModule Microsoft.Graph)) { 
    Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module not found" -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
    $install = Read-Host "Do you want to install the Microsoft Graph Module?"

    if ($install -match "[yY]") {
      Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Repository PSGallery -Scope CurrentUser -AllowClobber -Force
    }else{
      Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module is required." -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
      exit
    } 
  }

  # Connect to Graph
  Write-Host "Connecting to Microsoft Graph" -ForegroundColor Cyan
  Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All, UserAuthenticationMethod.Read.All, Directory.Read.All"

  # Select the beta profile
  Select-MgProfile Beta
}

Function Get-Admins{
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get all user with an Admin role
  #>
  process{
    $admins = Get-MgDirectoryRole | Select-Object DisplayName, Id | 
                %{$role = $_.displayName; Get-MgDirectoryRoleMember -DirectoryRoleId $_.id | 
                  where {$_.AdditionalProperties."@odata.type" -eq "#microsoft.graph.user"} | 
                  % {Get-MgUser -userid $_.id | Where-Object {($_.AssignedLicenses).count -gt 0}}
                } | 
                Select @{Name="Role"; Expression = {$role}}, DisplayName, UserPrincipalName, Mail, ObjectId | Sort-Object -Property Mail -Unique
    
    return $admins
  }
}

Function Get-Users {
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get users from the requested DN
  #>
  process{
    # Set the properties to retrieve
    $select = @(
      'id',
      'DisplayName',
      'userprincipalname',
      'mail'
    )

    $properties = $select + "AssignedLicenses"

    # Get enabled, disabled or both users
    switch ($enabled)
    {
      "true" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq true and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "false" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq false and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "both" {$filter = "UserType eq 'member'"}
    }
    
    # Check if UserPrincipalName(s) are given
    if ($UserPrincipalName) {
      Write-host "Get users by name" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($user in $UserPrincipalName) 
      {
        try {
          $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $user -Property $properties | select $select -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            DisplayName       = " - Not found"
            UserPrincipalName = $User
            isAdmin           = $null
            MFAEnabled        = $null
          }
        }
      }
    }elseif($adminsOnly)
    {
      Write-host "Get admins only" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($admin in $admins) {
        $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $admin.UserPrincipalName -Property $properties | select $select
      }
    }else
    {
      if ($IsLicensed) {
        # Get only licensed users
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | Where-Object {($_.AssignedLicenses).count -gt 0} | select $select
      }else{
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | select $select
      }
    }
    return $users
  }
}

Function Get-MFAMethods {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get the MFA status of the user
  #>
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $userId
  )
  process{
    # Get MFA details for each user
    [array]$mfaData = Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod -UserId $userId

    # Create MFA details object
    $mfaMethods  = [PSCustomObject][Ordered]@{
      status            = "-"
      authApp           = "-"
      phoneAuth         = "-"
      fido              = "-"
      helloForBusiness  = "-"
      emailAuth         = "-"
      tempPass          = "-"
      passwordLess      = "-"
      softwareAuth      = "-"
      authDevice        = "-"
      authPhoneNr       = "-"
      SSPREmail         = "-"
    }

    ForEach ($method in $mfaData) {
        Switch ($method.AdditionalProperties["@odata.type"]) {
          "#microsoft.graph.microsoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod"  { 
            # Microsoft Authenticator App
            $mfaMethods.authApp = $true
            $mfaMethods.authDevice = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.phoneAuthenticationMethod"                  { 
            # Phone authentication
            $mfaMethods.phoneAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr = $method.AdditionalProperties["phoneType", "phoneNumber"] -join ' '
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.fido2AuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # FIDO2 key
            $mfaMethods.fido = $true
            $fifoDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["model"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordAuthenticationMethod"                { 
            # Password
            # When only the password is set, then MFA is disabled.
            if ($mfaMethods.status -ne "enabled") {$mfaMethods.status = "disabled"}
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Windows Hello
            $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness = $true
            $helloForBusinessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.emailAuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # Email Authentication
            $mfaMethods.emailAuth =  $true
            $mfaMethods.SSPREmail = $method.AdditionalProperties["emailAddress"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }               
          "microsoft.graph.temporaryAccessPassAuthenticationMethod"    { 
            # Temporary Access pass
            $mfaMethods.tempPass = $true
            $tempPassDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["lifetimeInMinutes"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordlessMicrosoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Passwordless
            $mfaMethods.passwordLess = $true
            $passwordLessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.softwareOathAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # ThirdPartyAuthenticator
            $mfaMethods.softwareAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
        }
    }
    Return $mfaMethods
  }
}

Function Get-MFAStatusUsers {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get all AD users
  #>
  process {
    Write-Host "Collecting users" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    
    # Collect users
    $users = Get-Users
    
    Write-Host "Processing" $users.count "users" -ForegroundColor Cyan

    # Collect and loop through all users
    $users | ForEach {
      
      $mfaMethods = Get-MFAMethods -userId $_.id

      if ($withOutMFAOnly) {
        if ($mfaMethods.status -eq "disabled") {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            "Name" = $_.DisplayName
            Emailaddress = $_.mail
            UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
            isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
            MFAEnabled        = $false
            "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
            "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
          }
        }
      }else{
        [pscustomobject]@{
          "Name" = $_.DisplayName
          Emailaddress = $_.mail
          UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
          isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
          "MFA Status" = $mfaMethods.status
        # "MFA Default type" = ""  - Not yet supported by MgGraph
          "Phone Authentication" = $mfaMethods.phoneAuth
          "Authenticator App" = $mfaMethods.authApp
          "Passwordless" = $mfaMethods.passwordLess
          "Hello for Business" = $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness
          "FIDO2 Security Key" = $mfaMethods.fido
          "Temporary Access Pass" = $mfaMethods.tempPass
          "Authenticator device" = $mfaMethods.authDevice
          "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
          "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

# Connect to Graph
ConnectTo-MgGraph

# Get Admins
# Get all users with admin role
$admins = $null

if (($listAdmins) -or ($adminsOnly)) {
  $admins = Get-Admins
} 

# Get MFA Status
Get-MFAStatusUsers | Sort-Object Name | Export-CSV -Path $path -NoTypeInformation

if ((Get-Item $path).Length -gt 0) {
  Write-Host "Report finished and saved in $path" -ForegroundColor Green

  # Open the CSV file
  Invoke-Item $path
}else{
  Write-Host "Failed to create report" -ForegroundColor Red
}

Wrapping Up

Having MFA enabled really helps with protecting your tenant. This PowerShell script allows you to easily check the MFA status of your users.

Make sure you also check this article with 20 other security tips for Office 365. You can find the Msol version of this script here.

If you found this script useful, then please share it. If you have any questions then just drop a comment below.

You may also like one of the following PowerShell report scripts:

• Mailbox permissions report
• Mailbox size report
• OneDrive size report