Get MFA Status of Office 365 users with Microsoft Graph

Keeping track of your user’s MFA Status is important to keep your tenant protected. For now, we can still use the Msol module for this in PowerShell, but Microsoft is planning to retire this module. So I have recreated my successful MFA Status script with the Microsoft Graph module.

So this new MFA Status script can do pretty much the same things as the old script:

• List the configured MFA types of all users
• Get all the users that don’t have MFA enabled
• Check the MFA configuration of a single-user
• Checks if a user is admin or not
• Get only the licensed and enabled users

But with Graph, we are also able to retrieve a little bit more information than with the old module. So the following information is now also retrieved:

• Authenticator device name
• Get the preferred MFA method of the user
• Check if Hello for Business is registered
• Registered email address for Self Services Password Reset (SSPR)

What we currently can’t check is if MFA is actually enabled or disabled for the users, or if MFA is enforced (as in that the user needs to configure MFA the next time after login).

As always, you will find the complete script at the end of the article.

Get MFA Status with Microsoft Graph and PowerShell

Microsoft Graph has continuously updated, and with the latest versions, we don’t have to use the beta endpoints anymore. This means that we can connect to Graph in the normal way with the required scopes to retrieve all the data using the Get-MgUser cmdlet.

After we have collected all the users we can use the Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod cmdlet to get all the MFA details.

Note

With Graph we can’t actually check if MFA is enabled or disabled for user. We can only check which Authentication methods are configured.

Microsoft is moving away from per-user MFA configuration, we will need to move to Conditional Access policies for MFA. So currently, MFA can be disabled for a particular user in the Admin center and we can’t detect that with Graph.

However, if you have Azure P1 or P2, then checkout this script. Or you can still use the old MSOL module for this, so make sure you check this script as well if you are still using per-user MFA.

Requirements

You will need to have the Microsoft Graph module installed. The script will check if the module is installed, if not you will be given the option to install it.

Getting all users and their MFA Status

The script comes with a couple of parameters that we can use to fine-tune the export results. But by default, it will get all licensed users, list the admins, and save the CSV Export at the same location as the script. The script will open the CSV file when completed.

So to get all users we can simply run the script:

# Get all licensed users:
Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1

Get only users without MFA

When you have a large tenant you probably only want to see the users who don’t have MFA enabled. To do this you can add use the switch -withoutMFAOnly:

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -withOutMFAOnly

Check MFA Status of Admin only

The script will list all admins by default, but you can also check the MFA Status from admins only with the -adminsOnly switch:

Get-MgMFAStatus.ps1 -adminsOnly

Check the status of a specific user or a selection of users

It’s also possible to check the MFA status of a specific user. We can specify the UserPrincipal name of the user using the -UserPrincipalName parameter:

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com'

The parameter accepts a string array, so you can comma separate the users that you want to retrieve:

Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com','janedoe@contoso.com'

Another option is to use the filter of the Get-MgUser cmdlet and then pipe the Get-MgMFAStatus script:

Get-MgUser -Filter "country eq 'Netherlands'" | ForEach-Object { Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName }

The Complete Script

The complete script can be downloaded from my Github repository, which I recommend using so you have always the latest version.

Tip

Quickly get the MFA Status of your users by adding a reference to the script in your PowerShell Profile. Read all about it in this article.

<#
.Synopsis
  Get the MFA status for all users or a single user with Microsoft Graph

.DESCRIPTION
  This script will get the Azure MFA Status for your users. You can query all the users, admins only or a single user.
   
	It will return the MFA Status, MFA type and registered devices.

  Note: Default MFA device is currently not supported https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/resources/authenticationmethods-overview?view=graph-rest-beta
        Hardwaretoken is not yet supported

.NOTES
  Name: Get-MgMFAStatus
  Author: R. Mens - LazyAdmin.nl
  Version: 1.2
  DateCreated: Jun 2022
  Purpose/Change: Added MFA preferred method

.LINK
  https://lazyadmin.nl

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus

  Get the MFA Status of all enabled and licensed users and check if there are an admin or not

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName 'johndoe@contoso.com','janedoe@contoso.com'

  Get the MFA Status for the users John Doe and Jane Doe

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -withOutMFAOnly

  Get only the licensed and enabled users that don't have MFA enabled

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -adminsOnly

  Get the MFA Status of the admins only

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgUser -Filter "country eq 'Netherlands'" | ForEach-Object { Get-MgMFAStatus -UserPrincipalName $_.UserPrincipalName }

  Get the MFA status for all users in the Country The Netherlands. You can use a similar approach to run this
  for a department only.

.EXAMPLE
  Get-MgMFAStatus -withOutMFAOnly| Export-CSV c:\temp\userwithoutmfa.csv -noTypeInformation

  Get all users without MFA and export them to a CSV file
#>

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Default")]
param(
  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "UserPrincipalName",
    HelpMessage = "Enter a single UserPrincipalName or a comma separted list of UserPrincipalNames",
    Position = 0
    )]
  [string[]]$UserPrincipalName,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "AdminsOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that are an admin
  [switch]$adminsOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false,
    ParameterSetName  = "Licensed"
  )]
  # Check only the MFA status of users that have license
  [switch]$IsLicensed = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $true,
    ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
    ParameterSetName  = "withOutMFAOnly"
  )]
  # Get only the users that don't have MFA enabled
  [switch]$withOutMFAOnly = $false,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory         = $false,
    ValueFromPipeline = $false
  )]
  # Check if a user is an admin. Set to $false to skip the check
  [switch]$listAdmins = $true,

  [Parameter(
    Mandatory = $false,
    HelpMessage = "Enter path to save the CSV file"
  )]
  [string]$path = ".\MFAStatus-$((Get-Date -format "MMM-dd-yyyy").ToString()).csv"
)

Function ConnectTo-MgGraph {
  # Check if MS Graph module is installed
  if (-not(Get-InstalledModule Microsoft.Graph)) { 
    Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module not found" -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
    $install = Read-Host "Do you want to install the Microsoft Graph Module?"

    if ($install -match "[yY]") {
      Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Repository PSGallery -Scope CurrentUser -AllowClobber -Force
    }else{
      Write-Host "Microsoft Graph module is required." -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor Yellow
      exit
    } 
  }

  # Connect to Graph
  Write-Host "Connecting to Microsoft Graph" -ForegroundColor Cyan
  Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "User.Read.All, UserAuthenticationMethod.Read.All, Directory.Read.All" -NoWelcome
}

Function Get-Admins{
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get all user with an Admin role
  #>
  process{
    $admins = Get-MgDirectoryRole | Select-Object DisplayName, Id | 
                %{$role = $_.DisplayName; Get-MgDirectoryRoleMember -DirectoryRoleId $_.id | 
                  where {$_.AdditionalProperties."@odata.type" -eq "#microsoft.graph.user"} | 
                  % {Get-MgUser -userid $_.id }
                } | 
                Select @{Name="Role"; Expression = {$role}}, DisplayName, UserPrincipalName, Mail, Id | Sort-Object -Property Mail -Unique
    
    return $admins
  }
}

Function Get-Users {
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
    Get users from the requested DN
  #>
  process{
    # Set the properties to retrieve
    $select = @(
      'id',
      'DisplayName',
      'userprincipalname',
      'mail'
    )

    $properties = $select + "AssignedLicenses"

    # Get enabled, disabled or both users
    switch ($enabled)
    {
      "true" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq true and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "false" {$filter = "AccountEnabled eq false and UserType eq 'member'"}
      "both" {$filter = "UserType eq 'member'"}
    }
    
    # Check if UserPrincipalName(s) are given
    if ($UserPrincipalName) {
      Write-host "Get users by name" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($user in $UserPrincipalName) 
      {
        try {
          $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $user -Property $properties | select $select -ErrorAction Stop
        }
        catch {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            DisplayName       = " - Not found"
            UserPrincipalName = $User
            isAdmin           = $null
            MFAEnabled        = $null
          }
        }
      }
    }elseif($adminsOnly)
    {
      Write-host "Get admins only" -ForegroundColor Cyan

      $users = @()
      foreach ($admin in $admins) {
        $users += Get-MgUser -UserId $admin.UserPrincipalName -Property $properties | select $select
      }
    }else
    {
      if ($IsLicensed) {
        # Get only licensed users
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | Where-Object {($_.AssignedLicenses).count -gt 0} | select $select
      }else{
        $users = Get-MgUser -Filter $filter -Property $properties -all | select $select
      }
    }
    return $users
  }
}

Function Get-MFAMethods {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get the MFA status of the user
  #>
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $userId
  )
  process{
    # Get MFA details for each user
    [array]$mfaData = Get-MgUserAuthenticationMethod -UserId $userId

    # Create MFA details object
    $mfaMethods  = [PSCustomObject][Ordered]@{
      status            = "-"
      authApp           = "-"
      phoneAuth         = "-"
      fido              = "-"
      helloForBusiness  = "-"
      helloForBusinessCount = 0
      emailAuth         = "-"
      tempPass          = "-"
      passwordLess      = "-"
      softwareAuth      = "-"
      authDevice        = ""
      authPhoneNr       = "-"
      SSPREmail         = "-"
    }

    ForEach ($method in $mfaData) {
        Switch ($method.AdditionalProperties["@odata.type"]) {
          "#microsoft.graph.microsoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod"  { 
            # Microsoft Authenticator App
            $mfaMethods.authApp = $true
            $mfaMethods.authDevice += $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.phoneAuthenticationMethod"                  { 
            # Phone authentication
            $mfaMethods.phoneAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr = $method.AdditionalProperties["phoneType", "phoneNumber"] -join ' '
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.fido2AuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # FIDO2 key
            $mfaMethods.fido = $true
            $fifoDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["model"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordAuthenticationMethod"                { 
            # Password
            # When only the password is set, then MFA is disabled.
            if ($mfaMethods.status -ne "enabled") {$mfaMethods.status = "disabled"}
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Windows Hello
            $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness = $true
            $helloForBusinessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
            $mfaMethods.helloForBusinessCount++
          } 
          "#microsoft.graph.emailAuthenticationMethod"                   { 
            # Email Authentication
            $mfaMethods.emailAuth =  $true
            $mfaMethods.SSPREmail = $method.AdditionalProperties["emailAddress"] 
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }               
          "microsoft.graph.temporaryAccessPassAuthenticationMethod"    { 
            # Temporary Access pass
            $mfaMethods.tempPass = $true
            $tempPassDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["lifetimeInMinutes"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.passwordlessMicrosoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # Passwordless
            $mfaMethods.passwordLess = $true
            $passwordLessDetails = $method.AdditionalProperties["displayName"]
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
          "#microsoft.graph.softwareOathAuthenticationMethod" { 
            # ThirdPartyAuthenticator
            $mfaMethods.softwareAuth = $true
            $mfaMethods.status = "enabled"
          }
        }
    }
    Return $mfaMethods
  }
}

Function Get-Manager {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get the manager users
  #>
  param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] $userId
  )
  process {
    $manager = Get-MgUser -UserId $userId -ExpandProperty manager | Select @{Name = 'name'; Expression = {$_.Manager.AdditionalProperties.displayName}}
    return $manager.name
  }
}

Function Get-MFAStatusUsers {
  <#
    .SYNOPSIS
      Get all AD users
  #>
  process {
    Write-Host "Collecting users" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    
    # Collect users
    $users = Get-Users
    
    Write-Host "Processing" $users.count "users" -ForegroundColor Cyan

    # Collect and loop through all users
    $users | ForEach {
      
      $mfaMethods = Get-MFAMethods -userId $_.id
      $manager = Get-Manager -userId $_.id

       $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/users/$($_.id)/authentication/signInPreferences"
       $mfaPreferredMethod = Invoke-MgGraphRequest -uri $uri -Method GET

       if ($null -eq ($mfaPreferredMethod.userPreferredMethodForSecondaryAuthentication)) {
        # When an MFA is configured by the user, then there is alway a preferred method
        # So if the preferred method is empty, then we can assume that MFA isn't configured
        # by the user
        $mfaMethods.status = "disabled"
       }

      if ($withOutMFAOnly) {
        if ($mfaMethods.status -eq "disabled") {
          [PSCustomObject]@{
            "Name" = $_.DisplayName
            Emailaddress = $_.mail
            UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
            isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
            MFAEnabled        = $false
            "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
            "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
          }
        }
      }else{
        [pscustomobject]@{
          "Name" = $_.DisplayName
          Emailaddress = $_.mail
          UserPrincipalName = $_.UserPrincipalName
          isAdmin = if ($listAdmins -and ($admins.UserPrincipalName -match $_.UserPrincipalName)) {$true} else {"-"}
          "MFA Status" = $mfaMethods.status
          "MFA Preferred method" = $mfaPreferredMethod.userPreferredMethodForSecondaryAuthentication
          "Phone Authentication" = $mfaMethods.phoneAuth
          "Authenticator App" = $mfaMethods.authApp
          "Passwordless" = $mfaMethods.passwordLess
          "Hello for Business" = $mfaMethods.helloForBusiness
          "FIDO2 Security Key" = $mfaMethods.fido
          "Temporary Access Pass" = $mfaMethods.tempPass
          "Authenticator device" = $mfaMethods.authDevice
          "Phone number" = $mfaMethods.authPhoneNr
          "Email for SSPR" = $mfaMethods.SSPREmail
          "Manager" = $manager
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

# Connect to Graph
ConnectTo-MgGraph

# Get Admins
# Get all users with admin role
$admins = $null

if (($listAdmins) -or ($adminsOnly)) {
  $admins = Get-Admins
} 

# Get MFA Status
Get-MFAStatusUsers | Sort-Object Name | Export-CSV -Path $path -NoTypeInformation

if ((Get-Item $path).Length -gt 0) {
  Write-Host "Report finished and saved in $path" -ForegroundColor Green

  # Open the CSV file
  Invoke-Item $path
}else{
  Write-Host "Failed to create report" -ForegroundColor Red
}

Wrapping Up

Having MFA enabled really helps with protecting your tenant. This PowerShell script allows you to easily check the MFA status of your users.

Make sure you also check this article with 20 other security tips for Office 365. You can find the Msol version of this script here and the new Microsoft Entra-based version here.

If you found this script useful, then please share it. If you have any questions then just drop a comment below.

You may also like one of the following PowerShell report scripts:

• Mailbox permissions report
• Mailbox size report
• OneDrive size report